Beta, in finance, quantifies the volatility of an asset or portfolio in relation to the overall market. It measures the systematic risk that cannot be diversified away. A beta of 1 indicates that the asset’s price will move with the market. A beta greater than 1 suggests the asset is more volatile than the market, while a beta less than 1 indicates lower volatility. For example, a stock with a beta of 1.5 is expected to increase in price by 1.5% for every 1% increase in the market and decrease by 1.5% for every 1% decrease in the market.
Understanding and applying beta is crucial for investors and portfolio managers. It aids in assessing risk exposure, constructing well-diversified portfolios, and making informed investment decisions. Historically, the concept has evolved alongside modern portfolio theory, becoming an integral part of risk management strategies employed by financial professionals worldwide. Using this measure allows for a relative comparison of an investment’s risk profile.