Bulk density, a fundamental soil property, is determined by dividing the oven-dry weight of a soil sample by its total volume. This volume encompasses both solid particles and pore spaces. For example, if a soil sample occupying 100 cubic centimeters weighs 120 grams after being dried in an oven, its bulk density is 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter.
Understanding this property is crucial for various applications in agriculture, environmental science, and engineering. It provides insights into soil compaction, aeration, and water infiltration. Historically, the measurement of this property has aided in determining soil quality and its suitability for different land uses, contributing to improved agricultural practices and environmental management strategies.