The Gibbs free energy change for a chemical reaction provides a criterion for spontaneity under conditions of constant temperature and pressure. When reactions occur in environments that deviate from standard state conditions (298 K, 1 atm pressure, 1 M concentration), the free energy change is altered. This deviation requires a modified approach to determining the thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction.
Accurately predicting reaction behavior in diverse chemical environments is essential across various scientific and industrial fields. These calculations enable informed decisions in areas such as drug discovery, materials science, and process optimization. Understanding how changes in temperature, pressure, or concentration affect the free energy change allows for predicting reaction direction and equilibrium position, leading to more efficient and controlled processes.
