Determining a range within which the true population parameter likely falls, with a 90% certainty, involves a specific statistical process. This process relies on sample data and a desired level of confidence. For instance, if one were to estimate the average height of adults in a city, a sample of individuals’ heights would be measured. Based on this sample, and employing appropriate formulas considering sample size and variability, a lower and upper bound would be calculated. The interval between these bounds represents the range believed to contain the true average height of all adults in the city, with 90% confidence.
Establishing such a range provides a valuable tool for decision-making. It acknowledges the inherent uncertainty in estimating population parameters from samples. By quantifying this uncertainty, it allows for more informed conclusions and risk assessment. Historically, the development of interval estimation techniques has been essential for scientific advancement across various fields, from medical research to economic forecasting. It provides a way to quantify the reliability of findings derived from incomplete data.