Air changes per hour (ACH) represents the quantity of air, expressed in volume, added to or removed from a space in one hour, divided by the volume of the space. This metric indicates how many times the air within a defined area is replaced within a 60-minute period. For example, an ACH of 6 means the air in the room is completely replaced six times every hour.
Understanding the rate at which air is exchanged in a given area is crucial for maintaining indoor air quality, controlling pollutants, and ensuring effective ventilation. Adequate air exchange reduces the concentration of airborne contaminants, such as viruses, allergens, and volatile organic compounds, leading to improved health and comfort. Historically, optimizing this exchange rate has been a focus in fields ranging from healthcare and manufacturing to residential building design to enhance safety and efficiency.