Heating and cooling load calculations, when performed without the assistance of specialized software, involve a detailed, step-by-step process. This method relies on engineering principles and accepted methodologies to determine the required capacity of heating and cooling equipment for a building. For example, manually calculating heat loss through windows necessitates understanding U-factors, area, and temperature differences to arrive at an accurate BTU/hr loss figure. Similarly, duct sizing, determined without software, requires consideration of airflow requirements, friction rates, and duct length to ensure adequate system performance.
This detailed, hands-on approach provides a deeper understanding of building science principles and allows for greater flexibility in unique or complex situations where software assumptions may not apply. Historically, this was the primary method for determining heating and cooling loads and duct designs, and proficiency in these methods remains valuable for troubleshooting and validating results obtained through automated tools. The accuracy and thoroughness achieved through careful manual computations contribute significantly to energy efficiency and occupant comfort.
