The assessment of metabolic acidosis often involves determining the difference between routinely measured cations (sodium, potassium) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate) in serum. This calculation aids in identifying the underlying cause of acid-base disturbances. Elevated values can indicate the presence of unmeasured anions, such as those produced during ketoacidosis.
Evaluating this difference is crucial in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. It offers valuable insight into the severity and progression of the condition, as well as the patient’s response to treatment. Monitoring changes in this value allows clinicians to track the resolution of the metabolic acidosis and adjust the treatment plan accordingly. Its use became widespread as diagnostic tools improved, enabling faster and more accurate measurements of electrolytes.